Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.
2004, 69, 1080-1096
https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc20041080
Tuning of the Cavity of Water-Soluble Thiacalix[4]arene for the Control of Inclusion Ability Toward Water-Miscible Organic Molecules
Noriyoshi Kona,*, Nobuhiko Ikia,*, Yuichiro Sanoa, Satoshi Ogawaa, Chizuko Kabutob and Sotaro Miyanoa
a Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 07, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
b Instrumental Analysis Center for Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
Abstract
Inclusion abilities of water-soluble thiacalix[4]arenetetrasulfonate (3) and mono-O-carboxymethylated derivatives 5 and 6 toward water-miscible organic molecules such as alcohols, ketones, and nitriles in water were investigated by 1H NMR. The limit chemical shift change of the guest upon inclusion in the host suggested that the hosts regioselectively encapsulate the guests from the side of aliphatic moiety. Large guests such as pentan-1-ol showed folding of the alkyl chain to be included inside the cavity. On the other hand, mono-O-substituted 6 included a guest molecule less deep in the cavity than 3 did. Binding constants (K) of 3 toward guest molecules increased with hydrophobicity of the guest, suggesting that hydrophobic effect plays a main role for the complexation. On the contrary, mono-O-carboxymethyl derivatives 5 and 6 showed the opposite dependency of stability on hydrophobicity; higher affinities toward less hydrophobic guests. Among the guests examined, the smallest entities such as CH3OH and CH3CN were best included in 5 with the highest binding constant ever reported (K > 102 M-1). It was concluded that introduction of the carboxymethyl group into one of the phenolic OH of thiacalix[4]arene led to tuning of the cavity shape for stereospecific inclusion of small guests. The tuning of cavity by the O-alkylation was actually confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis of a complex of 5 with diethyl ketone.
Keywords: Calixarenes; Thiacalixarenes; Inclusion; Alcohols; Ketones; Hydrophobic interactions; Molecular recognition; NMR spectroscopy; X-Ray diffraction.
References: 32 live references.
