Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1985, 50, 188-199
https://doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850188

Principle of additivity of dipole moments: 1,3- and 1,3,5-derivatives of benzene

Juraj Koudelka and Otto Exner

Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6

Abstract

Dipole moments of fourteen 1,3-derivatives and thirteen 1,3,5-derivatives of benzene, with axially symmetrical substituents only, were measured in two solvents. After excluding the compounds forming the donor-acceptor complexes with benzene, the experimental values are well reproduced by the vector addition of group moments, i.e. the accuracy achieved is sufficient for practical purposes. Nevertheless, small systematic deviations were observed: the experimental moments were as a rule less than additive in the case of 1,3-derivatives but greater in the case of 1,3,5-derivatives. These deviations cannot be accounted for by deformation of bond angles from the hexagonal geometry but they can be semiquantitatively interpreted by mutual inductive interaction of dipoles. The latter interpretation was supported by CNDO/2 calculations.